Course Content
Aim, objective and role of veterinary public health
0/5
Introduction
Aim of veterinary public health
Scope of Veterinary Public Health
Objectives of veterinary public health
Role of Veterinary Public Health
Meat hygiene in relation to public health
0/4
Introduction
Microbial flora of meat and meat products
Some common Gram-positive bacteria that affects meat
Some common Gram positive bacteria that affects meat
Sources of bacterial contamination of raw meat and method of control
0/5
Introduction
Sources of microorganisms
Methods of Reducing Contamination during Slaughtering
Methods of Reducing Post-slaughtering Contamination
Meat quality parameters
General principles and objectives of meat inspection
0/4
Introduction
Ante mortem inspection
Postmortem inspection
Objectives of Meat Inspection
Different components and management aspects of abattoir
0/3
Introduction
Site selection
Components of slaughterhouse
Methods of slaughter
0/3
Introduction
Types of stunning
Killing
Conditions detected at meat inspection and judgement
0/2
Introduction
Acute and chronic conditions
Characteristics and differentiation of meats of different food animals
0/2
Introduction
Differentiation techniques of meat of different animals
Emergency slaughter
0/2
Introduction
Methods of slaughter
Disposal of unsound meat
0/3
Introduction
Various Methods of Disposal of Unsound Meat and Carcass
Disinfection of Premises
Principles of meat preservation
0/3
Introduction
Factors that affect microbial growth
Principles of preservation
Meat borne diseases and method of control
0/9
Introduction
Meat borne Bacterial diseases
Other pathogens
Meat borne Viral diseases
Meat borne Prion disease
Meat borne Parasitic disease
Methods of control of meat borne diseases
Microbial spoilage
Testing
Duties of a meat inspector
0/1
Introduction
Learn Meat Inspection with Anusha
About Lesson

Types of stunning:

a. Mechanical stunning

Use of a mechanical instrument such as captive bolt pistol, percussion stunner or free bullet which traumatizes the brain should be used so that the animal loses consciousness instantaneously. The device should be applied usually to the front of the head and perpendicular to the bone surface.

 

Captive bolt

This method works on the principle of a gun and fires a blank cartridge and it propels a short bolt (metal rod) from the barrel. The bolt penetrates the skull bone and produces concussion by damaging the brain or increasing intracranial pressure, causing bruising of the brain. The captive bolt is perhaps the most versatile stunning instrument as it is suitable for use on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats as well as horses and camels, and can be used anywhere in the world

 

b. Electrical stunning

Electrical stunning is used mainly for poultry, pigs and sheep, but has been employed for mature cattle in some countries. Usually, a voltage ranging from 150 to 700 V (AC, 50–60 Hz) is used depending on the system. Higher voltages are generally better. It is important that the electric current is passed through the brain, so the positioning of the electrodes through which the current is applied is important.

 

c. Gas stunning

The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is a relatively new method of stunning suitable for pigs and poultry. However, it is applicable only at large industrial plants, as the sophisticated technical equipment is relatively costly to install. Basically, animals are stunned using various concentrations of CO2 in air. Concentrations of CO2 for the stunning of pigs are at least 80% in air for 45 seconds and poultry of 65% for 15 seconds. The acceptability of this method on welfare grounds has been questioned however. For some genetic types of pigs, it may be satisfactory, and for others may be stressful.

Currently Argon gas is being tested for stunning purposes. It is assumed that Argon gas may have some advantages over CO2, but the costs may be higher.

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