Clinical Finding:

Acute:

• Animal may be found dead
• Staggering gait
• Sudden anorexia
• Falling on ground
• Unusual alertness
• Grunting of teeth
• Muscle twitching- prickling of eggs
• Frothy mouth
• Hyperesthesia, tetany
• Opisthotonus and death

Sub-acute:

• Walks stiffly
• Hyper sensitive to touch and sound
• Urinate and defecate frequently

Chronic form:

• Dullness
• Emaciation
• Poor appetite
• Decreased milk production

Treatment:

• Pentobarbitone@ 3 mg/kg, 8-10 ml of 200 mg/ml solution for adult cow, IV
• Intravenous administration of 40% calcium borogluconate + 25% magnesium sulphate for cattle, 50 mL for sheep.
• Injection of MgSO₄ @ 100-150 mL SC
• Animal must be provided with concentrate/hay treated with 60g of Mg oxide daily to ensure adequate dietary intake and prevent relapse.
• Daily oral supplement of Mg oxide; 60 g to cattle and 10g to sheep.
• Dairy animal should be provided with comfortable shelter during winter.
• Hay should be provided along with green.