Appendices of CITES

I. Appendix I

• Comprises those species which are considered threatened with extinction and which are or may be affected by trade.
• Some examples of Appendix I species are:

a. Wild animals: Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Gorillas (Gorilla spp.), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), All tiger species (Panthera tigris), Rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae spp.), Whales (Balaenidae spp., Balaenopteridae spp., Eschrichtiidae spp., Monodontidae spp., Physeteridae spp., Ziphiidae spp.), Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) and Chinchillas (Chinchilla spp.)

b. Medicinal Plants:

• Galanthus spp. (snowdrops), which are used for treating Alzheimer’s disease
• Hoodia spp. (hoodia), which are used for appetite suppression and weight loss
• Aloe spp. (aloe), which are used for skin care, wound healing, and laxative effects
• Aquilaria spp. (agarwood), which are used for perfume, incense, and traditional medicine
• Cistanche deserticola (desert broomrape), which is used for enhancing immunity, anti-aging, and sexual health

II. Appendix II

• It comprises a list of species that although not necessarily threatened but which could become if their trade is not properly controlled.
• Some examples of Appendix II species are:

a. Medicinal Plants:

• Panax spp. (ginseng), which are used for enhancing immunity, energy, and cognitive function
• Cinnamomum spp. (cinnamon), which are used for flavoring, perfume, and traditional medicine
• Prunus africana (African cherry), which is used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia1
• Nardostachys grandiflora (spikenard), which is used for perfume, incense, and traditional medicine
• Cistanche salsa (desert hyacinth), which is used for improving kidney function, sexual health, and anti-aging

b. Wild animals:

• Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), which is a large predatory fish found in all oceans
• American black bear (Ursus americanus), which is a medium-sized bear native to North America
• Hartmann’s mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae), which is a subspecies of mountain zebra endemic to Namibia and Angola
• Green iguana (Iguana iguana), which is a large arboreal lizard native to Central and South America.
• Queen conch (Strombus gigas), which is a large marine gastropod mollusk found in the Caribbean Sea.

III. Appendix III

• It makes a ban on trade of not only live animals and plants but also their products and derivatives.
• Some examples of Appendix III species are:

a. Wild animals:

• Rodrigues warbler (Acrocephalus rodericanus), which is a small bird endemic to Rodrigues Island (Mauritius)
• Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), which is a spiral-horned antelope native to India and Pakistan
• Saffron toucanet (Baillonius bailloni), which is a colorful bird found in South America (Argentina)
• Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), which is a large bovid found in Asia (Nepal)
• Double-striped thick-knee (Burhinus bistriatus), which is a large wading bird found in Central and South America (Guatemala)

b. Medicinal Plants

• Cedrela spp. (cedar), which are used for timber, furniture, and essential oil (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Dipteryx panamensis (almendro), which is used for timber, food, and medicine (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)
• Fraxinus mandshurica (Manchurian ash), which is used for timber, medicine, and ornamental purposes (Russia)
• Gonystylus spp. (ramin), which are used for timber, furniture, and traditional medicine (Indonesia)
• Guaiacum spp. (lignum vitae), which are used for timber, resin, and medicine (Costa Rica)