Rose

• Scientific name: Rosa spp

a. Environment:

• Tropical, temperate and sub alpine climate.
• 2000 – 3600 m. altitude.
• Optimum temperature 15-20 ^0C.
• H.60%.is required during flowering.
• SA well – drained deep loamy soils, rich in organic matters.
• But it can be grown a variety of soils having medium salinity.
• Soil pH 5 to 7.0, water logged soil in not suitable.

b. Cultivation:

• Propagation: Seeds, cutting, suckers, budding, Inarching.
• Preparation of land: 1-2 ploughings, 1- harrowing and leveling in needed.
• The rootstock of R. multiflora, Edourand rose are transplanted in July or August at sites where the budding as to be attempted.
• The bud rose plants is done during December – February.
• Cutting should be treated with IBA solution. The cuttings are inserted into the soil or sand from 3rd Nov to February.
• Preparation of land: 1-2 ploughing, 1 harrowing, and leveling is needed for good cultivation.
• Planting season:- September – November. For high hills-February – March.
• Spacing:- 75x60cm : Budded rose plant – 1.25m x 75cm ;climber – 2.25 x 75cm
• For Pits:- Size – 2 x 2 x2 m .5-10 kg of FYM/Compost . and 3gm of Aldrin to each pit at the time of planting.

c. Management:

• 20-25 tones / h.- FYM or Compost. 200 : 75 : 75 kg of NPK / ha / Year. Nitrogen is applied to each bush.
• Application of 50 ppm NAA and 1 percent micronutrient (Agromine) mixture is reported to produce maximun flowers.
• 2:1:2 parts of Urea. Dihydrogn ammonium phosphate and Potassium phosphate is also beneficial to rose crops a applied in 3 split doses.
• 1st split dose – After 1st pruning, 2nd split dose. Two years of age at about 1.5m height; 3rd SD – After 3-4 months of 2nd split dose.
• The ratio 2:4:3: of NPK mixture is prepared and the about 100gm of this mixture may be foliar spray.
• Spray 0.3% each Zinc sulphate, Magnesium and Manganese sulphate solution as foliar in November and February enhance the blossoming of rose
• Interculture: Atrazine or Simazine is applied as pre-emergence. Weeding and hoeing needs to be done thoroughly operation for obtaining good yield.
• The pruning operation should be done once a year during October- November
• Bordopaste or Blitox should be painted in stem after pruning.
• Irrigation: 10-12 irrigations/year. Generally irrigation should be done after pruning to flowering stage. In summer – 7days and in winter 10 -15 days intervals.
• Diseases: Rust, Black spot, Powdery mildew, Dieback- Spray 0.1% malathion or parathion or 5% Aldrin or 0.2% Bavistin paste also used .
• Insect Pests: Aphids, Thrips, Mites, Rose scales. Termites and Beetles.
• 2% Roger or Cerathion or Metasystox. Spray schedule of these insecticides.

d. Harvesting:

• Economical yield of flower is obtain from 3rdyear onward & continue to give high yield up to 10-12 years.
• Pick up the flowers or cut the pedicles by sickle from the rose plant. Picking should be done early in the morning.
• Yield: 4000 to 6000kg of flowers/ha. It may go upto 8000-10000kg/h

e. Chemical evaluation:

• The principal constituents of the oil are Geraniol and citronellol.
• Other chemical compounds are nerol, stearopten, phenyl ethanol, farnesol, linalol, eugenol, carvone, rose oxide with many other trace constituents.

f. Uses:

• More than 60 – 80 percent of rose flowers are used for production of Rose Water !
• Rose water is used as a house hold cosmetics and culinary articles especially in Persian cookery.
• The concrete, absolute and oil are employed extensively in soaps, cosmetics, toiletries and perfumes.
• Some flavouring uses, especially fruit products and tobacco.
• Rose Jam is prepared from rose petals by mixing sugars.
• Eye lotions, eye drops, syrups, tonic are prepared from rose.
• It is used in aromatherapy such as conjunctivitis, dry skin, palpitations, hay- fever, nausea, Leucorrhoea, uterine disorders, depression, impotence insomnia and frigidity.