Introduction
An in-text citation is the brief form of the reference that you include in the body of your work. It gives enough information to uniquely identify the source in your reference list. The brief form usually consists of: family name of the author(s), and. year of publication.
In-text citations can either be in parenthetical form, or have part of the citation included in the narrative of your work:
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Idea paraphrased |
Direct quotation included |
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Parenthetical citation |
Social media users will share different types of content on different sites, often basing their decisions on a mental model of how their audience on each site will react (Pitcan et al., 2018). |
Social media users “attempted to curate their shared content depending on how they imagined their audience on different social media platforms” (Pitcan et al., 2018, p. 170). |
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Citation included in the narrative |
Participants in a 2018 study by Pitcan et al. shared different content on different social media sites, basing their decisions on a mental model of how their audience on each site would react. |
Participants in a study by Pitcan et al. (2018) “attempted to curate their shared content depending on how they imagined their audience on different social media platforms” (p. 170). |