Common Types of Monitoring

a) Base line monitoring: Done in an attempt to determine the nature and ranges of natural variation and where possible to establish the process of change.

b) Impact/effect monitoring: Involves the measurement of parameters (performance indicators) during project construction and implementation in order to detect and quantity environmental change which may have occurred as a result of the project, the importance of feedback and continuity in the EIA process.

c) Compliance monitoring: Not directed at environmental parameters, but takes the form of periodic sampling and/or continuous measurements of levels of waste discharge, noise or similar emission or introduction to ensure that specific conditions are observed and standards met.

d) Mitigation monitoring: Aims to determine the suitability and effectiveness of mitigation

programmes, designed to diminish or compensate for adverse effects.