Environment problems associated with implementing natural resources and development activities:

a) Climate change: Persistent drought and resulting water restrictions during the first decade of the twenty-first century are an example of natural events attributed by the mainstream media to climate change.

b) Energy use: Most of demand for electricity of many countries depends upon coal-fired thermal generation, owing to the plentiful indigenous coal supply, limited potential for hydro-electric generation and political unwillingness to exploit indigenous uranium resources.

c) Conservation : Nepal is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world, with a large portion of species endemic Nepal. A key conservation issue is the preservation of biodiversity, especially by protecting the remaining rainforests.

d) Oil spills : While there have been several oil spill environmental disasters of various scale. The largest spill to date was the Kirki tanker in 1991 which dropped 17,280 tonnes of oil off the coast of Western Australia.

e) Ocean dumping: There have been a number of cases, particularly involving the navy of different countries polluting waters including the dumping of chemical warfare agents.

f) Invasive species : An invasive species is an introduced organism that negatively alters its new environment. The introduction and spread of animals such as the cane toad or rabbit can disrupt the existing balances between populations and develop into environmental problems. In some cases the introduction of new species can lead to plagues and the extinction of endemic species.

g) Land clearing : The consequences of land clearing include dryland salinity and soil erosion.

h) Urbanization: The urban sprawl continues to increase at a rapid rate in most cities. In recent years, some cities have implemented transit-oriented development strategies to curb the urban sprawl.

I) Water use : Climate change may intensify drought putting pressure on water resources and leading to alternative water sources including construction of Water tanks, dams. Water transportation and desalination plants many of which affect water catchments and put increasing pressure on the environment.

J) Waste management: Many do not have restrictions on the dumping of toxic materials that are common in other countries, which leech heavy metals into water catchments. Due to the lack of sufficient sites for toxic waste disposal large quantities of toxic waste are trucked between states to remote dumping grounds or exported overseas in ships.