Animal manures

• The excreta’s of animals like sheep, goat, poultry etc are used as manure is called animal manure.
• On an average sheep and goat manure contains 3% N, 1% P2O5 and 2% K2O.
• Poultry manure contains higher N and P2O5 compared to other bulky organic manures.
• On an average poultry manure contains 3.03% N, 2.63% P2O5 and 1.4% K2O.

Night soil

• It is human excreta both solid and liquid form.
• Night soil is richer in NPK than FYM and compost.
• Dehydration of night soil by mixing it with any absorbing materials like soil, ash, dry broken leaves, paddy husk etc. is a highly effective method of disposal of the offensive waste which yields poudrette manure of high manure value.
• One of the effective materials for this purpose is saw dust. Night soil contains on an average 5.5% N, 4% P2O5 and 2% K2O.

Sewage and sludge

• In the modern sanitation system in big cities and town where underground flush system is provided with a good deal of human excreta and urine dissolved in water which is flushed out with water is called sewage.
• The semi-solid part of sewage water that has been sedimented as acted upon by bacteria is called sludge.
• The liquid portion of sewage (liquid of kitchen, bathroom, and urine) is known as sullage

Green Manures

• Green undecomposed plant materials used as manure into the soil for the purpose of improving soil physical, chemical and biological environments is called green manure and the process is called green manuring.
• Annual leguminous crops as well as green leaves, twigs or succulent stems of non-leguminous perennial trees or shrubs are used for green manuring.