Heredity

• Process of transmitting certain traits – physical and psychological from parents to offsprings through gene.
• Each individual has a different pattern of behaviors and personality.
• This difference is seen due to the influence of heredity and environment.

Dominant and Recessive gene

• In a cross, the characters appear in F1 generation is called dominant and other which remain unexpressed is called recessive.
• For example, if gene A indicates brown eyes and is dominant and gene “a” which is blue eyes is recessive. The offspring would be brown eye.
• Each trait and response of an individual depends on his heredity and environment. Therefore, in order to know about the individual, it is necessary to understand his heredity and environment.
• According to geneticists, sex is also inherited. They say that there are two big chromosomes.
• They have named these chromosomes as ‘X’ and ‘Y’. In the germ cells of the male there is one big ‘X’ chromosome-and a small ‘Y’ chromosome.
• If the germ cell engaged in the formation of a creature an ‘X’ chromosome of the mother and the other ‘X’ chromosome of the father enter, then the child will be a female, and contrary to this, if in the germ cell an ‘X’ and a ‘Y’ chromosome enter, the child will be a male.
• A study of chromosomes has revealed that genes of the ‘X’ chromosome are comparatively stronger than the genes of the ‘Y’ chromosome.
• An individual’s heredity depends on the genes of his parents, that is, whatever one gives to his children is through the genes.