How soil particles are transported by runoff water?

a) Surface creep:

• a stage in the wind erosion process in which sand grains are moved along the ground surface by impact of other grains in saltation.

b) Saltation:

• Saltation is a specific type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water.
• It occurs when loose materials are removed from a bed and carried by the fluid, before being transported back to the surface.

c) Suspension:

• Fine particles less than 0.1 mm in size are moved parallel to the surface and upward into the atmosphere by strong winds.
• It occurs when very fine dirt and dust particles are lifted into the atmosphere.
• They can be thrown into the air through impact with other particles or by the wind itself.
• These particles can be carried very high and be transported over very long distances in the atmosphere by the winds.