Methods of application of pesticide

1. Band: Apply dust or liquid over, along the crop or around the structures.
2. Drench: Saturate the soil or give oral treatment to animals.
3. Pour-on: Pour the liquid among the middle line or back of animals.

Formulation of pesticide

A. Solid formulation:

a. Dust:

• Particle size is 1-40 µ
• Toxicity increases with decrease in size of particle
• Finish product contain 0.1 – 25% toxicant.

b. Granules:

• Particle size is 0.25-2.4 mm.
• Little or no drift.
• Slow release.

c. Bait:

• Incorporating insecticides into a food base.

d. Insecticide fertilizer application mixture:

• Provide nutrition as well as control the insects.

B. Liquid formulation:

a. Wettable powder (WP): Contain 25-50% toxicants.

b. Emulssifiable concentrates (EC):

• Two phase dispersion
• Involves water and an immiscible solvent.
• Contains oil emulsion, making it more toxic and leaves persistent deposit  than that of suspension.

c. Aerosol:

• Mixture contained in a volatile solvent .
• 1-50 µ particles.
• Effective against flying insects, mosquitoes and housefly.

d. Solution:

• Fairly soluable in mineral oils and organic solvents.
• Contains oil and mostly

C Gaseous Formulation

a) Dry fumigants:

• Aluminum phosphide is used to control stored grain pests.

b) Liquid fumigants:

• Formulated as liquid carbon grain pests.