Model of mass communication theories

a) Hypodermic needle theory:

• Radio/printed form: ultimate audience

b) Two-step flow model:

• R/P form – leader-follower

c) Multiple-step flow model:

• Includes both models.

Note:

a) Homophily: Similar in beliefs and values.

b) Heterophily : Different in belief and values.

Laissez-faire leader

• No confidence in leader.

Rural Youth Program in Nepal

• Started in 1953.
• “Char pate club”
• Beginning was under rural development program called “Tribhuwan gram vikas”.
• Later under DOA in 1963.

4-H club (Hand, Head, Heart and Health)

• To make the better best.

Acculturation

• Replacement of least developed by developed one without replacing old but change in old culture.

HDI of Nepal

• 2 (2001)
• 77 out of 90 countries globally.
• 2 (2002) in south Asian Countries.