Some terminologies

a. Case: Is an experimental unit from which data are collected.

b. Variable: Characteristics of case that can vary.

c. Constant: Characteristics that is same for all cases in a study.

d. Population : Entire set of possible cases.

e. Sample : Subset of population from where data are collected.

f. Parameter: A measure concerning a population.

g. Inferential statistics:

• Is a procedure.
• Use data from an observed sample.
• To make conclusion about a population.
• Sample are taken in such a way that sample represent the entire population.

h. Representative sample: That accurately justifies the characteristics of entire population.

i. Bias: Favoring certain people or outcomes.

j. Descriptive statistics:

• Are statistical information in Newspapers, magazines, company reports.
• Data are summarized and presented in a form that is easy for reader to understand.
• Are in tabular, graphical or numerical form.

Types of descriptive statistics

• Frequencies and percentage ( For normal/ categorical data)
• Means and Standard deviations ( For interval/ ratio data)

k. Hypothesis testing: Proving or disproving theories

l. Correlation : Association between phenomena.

m. Confidence interval : If sample relates to the larger population.

n. Homoscalestisity: Having homogenous distribution or scateredness. Simple means having the same scatter. For it to exist, the points must be about the same distance from the line.