Glander

a) Etiology: Burkholderia mallei

b) Transmission:

• Direct contact
• Inhalation and ingestion
• Fomites

c) Symptoms:

• Fever, Malaise, Muscle ache, Chest pain, nasal discharge
• Case fatality: 95%
• Incubation : 2-6 weeks
• Ulceration of skin
• Nodules

d) Differential diagnosis:

• Typhoid fever
• Tuberculosis
• Pyemia
• Yaws
• Strangles

e) Treatment:

• Long term antibiotic treatment
• Multiple drug therapy
• Drain abscesses
• No vaccine available

f) Diagnosis:

• Isolation of bacteria, serology, ELISA test

g) Prevention:

• Quarantine
• Biosafety