Direct seeded rice :

1. Dry DSR :

1.1. Conventional till – Dry DSR :

Important points for conventional till- dry DSR

• It is popular in upland rice / Ghaiya Dhan.
• Cultivation is mostly done under rainfed condition. So , line of sowing is before onset of monsoon.
• Before onset of monsoon , 2-3 ploughing followed by planking is done.
• Broadcasting seed @ 60-80 kg/ ha is done followed by light planking so as to  cover seed with soil.
• Some farmers performs showing line behind the plough.
• Few innovative farmers are using seed drill machine for sowing seed @ 40-60 kg/ha.
• FYM is applied a month before sowing which chemical fertilizer is applied asper availability @ 60:20:20 kg NPK/ha.
• Weed management is the tough task in DSR. Generally , farm,ers performs hand weeding adter 30 and 60 days. Locally made wooden rake named Dante is common in use. Few farmers practise chemical weeding.

1.2. Zero till-Dry DSR :

• This method is practiced in mid land and low land in terai region of Nepal.
• Seed drill machine can be used for sowing seeds which drills seed and fertilizers in single pass.
• Land should be well leveled by lesser land level.
• Before sowing , weeds should be knocked down by the spray of herbicides like glycophosphate , paraquat.
• Zero tillage DSR , though has been practiced since decades in research stations and demonstrations plots of innovative farmers , however has not been adopted by farmers yet.
• This might be due to lack of technical manpower , poor availability of machinery and lower risk bearing capacity of farmers.

2. Wet DSR :

• This method is practiced in mid land and low land in terai region of Nepal.
• Land preparation is done similar to transplanted rice where ploughing , planking and puddling are done.
• Sowing method includes broadcasting seed on puddled field.
• On availability of drum seeder , seeds are dropped on definite rows by pulling the equipment.
• Crops which can be sown with ZT- seed drill machines are : Rice , wheat , maize , kidney bean , Mung bean , sunflower , Teosenete fodder , lentil , chick pea , pea , okra , coriander.