Course Content
Hormones
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Definition
Biochemistry/Chemistry of hormones
Hormone action
Mechanism of hormone action
Insulin
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Thyroid hormones
Parathyroid hormones
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Oxytocin
Vasopressin (Anti diuretic hormone)
Somatotropin (Growth hormone)
Testosterone
Estrogen
Biochemistry of Acid Base Balance
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Introduction
Acid-Base Balance
Buffers of body fluids
Respiratory regulation of acid base balance
Renal regulation of acid base balance
Abnormalities of acid base regulation
SHOCK AND STRESS
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Definition
Types of shock
Effects of shock
Stress
Stress
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS IN ANIMALS
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Liver diseases
Liver Function Tests
Total Bilirubin
Enzymes
other test
Pancreatic disease
Detoxification in the body: The metabolism of foreign bodies
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Biotransformation
Phases of biotransformation/detoxification
Role of blood sugar as an aid to diagnosis
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Maintenance of blood glucose level (homeostatis of blood sugar)
Factors maintaining blood sugar
Alternation of blood glucose level
Measurement of blood sugar
Role of ketone bodies as an aid to diagnosis
Role of blood urea and uric acid as an aid to diagnosis
Gout
Role of enzymes for detection of tissue/organ affection
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Introduction
Enzymes serving as marker for liver disease
Enzymes serving as markers for cardiac disease
Enzymes serving as the marker for pancreatic disease
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Mechanism of hormone action

On the target cell, the hormone receptor complex act by any of the following mechanisms:

  1. By altering the permeability of the cell membrane. ( Neurohormones)
  2. By activating the intracellular enzymes and second messengers like cAMP.( Protein Hormones)
  3. By activating the gene.(Thyroid and steroid Hormones)
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