Species interactions
Different organisms interact with one another in space and time. Such interaction may harm or benefit or neither benefit nor harm to the organisms. Following Table shows different types of interactions that exist in one or more types of ecosystems.
|
Combinations |
Interaction type |
|
00 |
Neutralism |
|
— |
Competition (direct interference type) |
|
— |
Competition (resource use type) |
|
– 0 |
Amensalism |
|
+- |
Parasitism (Striga, Orobanche) |
|
+- |
Predation (Insectivorous plants, Browsing and grazing animals) |
|
+0 |
Commensalism (Lianas, Epiphytes) |
|
++ |
Protocooperation (Non-obligatory mutualism) |
|
++ |
Mutualism [Lichens, symbiotic nitrogen fixers (Rhizobium), Mycorrhizae |
0= neutral, += benefit, – harm