Physiological disorders

a) Sunscald:

• The cells under the fruit skin of exposed surface to sunrays get damaged; care should be taken to control lodging and fruit should be covered with dry straw or its own leaves during April- May.

b) Fasciation and multiple crowns:

• Multiple crowns may occur due to genetically factor as well as due to soil and environmental reasons.
• It is also due to excess Nitrogen.
• Fruits gets flattened and fascinated.
• In fertile virgin soil of warm areas, more abnormal fruits occur as compared to less fertile soil.

c) Black heart:

• It is also known as endogenous brown spot or internal browning, formation of brown spots at the base of fruitlets and further black discoloration of the center core.
• Low temperature or exogenous application of GA3 can induce this disorder.
• A fruit exposed to high temperature (40°C) for 24 hours reduces black heart in cold stored pineapple.