Course Content
Definition, concept and scope of organic farming, status of organic farming in the world and in Nepal
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Concept of organic agriculture
Concept of Organic Farming
Characteristics of Organic Farming
STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING
Why OA?
Principles of Organic Agriculture
AIMS of OA
Strategies needed
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
Goals of INM
Major Concepts of INM
Scope of organic farming
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING
IMPACT OF MODERN OR CHEMICAL BASED AGRICULTURE
CONSTRAINTS OF ORGANIC FARMING
Green revolution agriculture, food production, security, agro environment and farmer’s livelihood
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Introduction
Positive impacts of green revolution on food grain production and food security
Negative impacts of green revolution
Principles of organic farming
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Principle of Ecology
Principle of care
Principle of health
Principle of fairness
Components of organic farming
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Components of organic farming
Land management
Soil quality indicator properties
Principles of sustainable soil management
Methods to maximize the production of organic matter
Methods of organic matter management
Soil management and protection against erosion
How can I provide enough nutrients for my crops by supplying organic material?
Mechanical measures
Maintaining soil fertility
Genetic modification of crops
Organic pest management
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Integrated pest management (IPM)
Major principles of non-pesticidal management
Biological control of diseases and insects
Way of ecological control
Types of Biological control
Microbial pesticides
Some successful microbial pesticides
Baculoviruses (Bvs)
Classification of bioagent
Plant-incorporated-protectants (PIPs)
Advantages of botanicals
Some botanical pesticides
Natural enemies/biotic agents (predators and parasites)
Livestock integration in organic farming, and organic production
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Livestock Feed
Health Care for Organic Livestock: Prevention
Organic Pasture Integrity Issues
Converting to organic livestock production
Ways to boost organic livestock production
Marketing of organic products
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Regulations governing organic products
Organic certification
Purpose of Organic Certification
Participatory certification or Participatory Guarantee System (Semi-formal System)
Organic Certification Agencies
Certification Process
Accreditation
What are certified organic products?
Learn Organic Agriculture with Rahul

Baculoviruses (Bvs):

  • against lepidoptera and hymenoptera.
  • Like Bt, baculoviruses are also non-hazardous to other mammals, fishes etc.
  • Rod shaped virus particles with circular double stranded supercoiled DNA.
  • 3 sub-groups

I. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) where virus particles are occupied in protinaceous polyhedral inclusion bodies.

ii. Granulosis virus (GV) where ovoid inclusion bodies with only one virion.

iii. Oryctes types where no inclusion body is formed.

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