Mechanical measures

1. The building of stone terraces on steep slopes (wood should not be used in the tropics because it rots too quickly)
2. Planting of hedges (e.g. in the Sahel, several species are planted alongside stone walls, such as Cajanus cajan, Euphorbia balsamifera or Jatropha curcas (flax nuts), which are resistant against animal bites.
3. The cultivating of rows of plants running across the main slope direction of the site, (mix of grass & legumes suited to the site)
4. The reforestation/planting of the edges of extremely steep slopes (e.g. elephant grass and a variety of shrubs/trees)

Biological measures

1. Large scale reforestation including protective methods against harming animals and uncontrolled use of wood for fuel
2. Because mechanical methods of providing protection against erosion are workintensive (e.g. construction of terraces), it is worth considering whether the same effect could be achieved with biological methods (e.g. green fences).