Plant-incorporated-protectants (PIPs)

• PIPs are pesticidal substances that plant produce from the genetic material thatn has been added to the plant.
• Ex; the gene for Bt pesticidal protein has been introduced into the plant genome. This results the plant, instead of Bt bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroy the pests. As the pests feed on such plants, they will eventually die.

Botanical pesticides

• Botanical insecticides, sometimes referred to as “botanicals,” are naturally occurring insecticides derived from plants. Insecticidal soaps are soaps that have been selected and formulated for their insecticidal action.
• Several plant-based insecticides as nicotinoids, natural pyrethrins, rotenoids, neem products (azadirachtin) etc. are used.
• Most abundantly used are neem based as it contains several chemicals including ‘azadirachtin’ that effects reproductive and digestive process of a number of pests.
• Synergist like Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) commonly used. PBO is found in most products that contain pyrethrins.
• It is also an effective synergist for rotenone, sabadilla, ryania, and the citrus oil derivatives, as well as some synthetic pyrethroids and carbamate insecticides.