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Introduction, history and basics of animal breeding
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Introduction
Steps of Animal Breeding
Aspects of animal breeding
The history of animal breeding: science and application
Establishment of herd books
Animal breeding in the 20th century
Gene resources of Nepal
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Efforts for conservation of gene resources in Nepal
Mission and objectives of Gene bank
Variation and causes of variation
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Introduction
Causes of variation
Evaluating genetic and environmental effects
Causes of Genetic Variation
Important Economic Traits of livestock and poultry
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Important Traits in Farm Animal
Important traits of dairy animals
Important traits of Pig
Important traits of Sheep/Goat
Important traits in Poultry
Importance of Heredity and Environment
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Heredity
Mechanism of Heredity:
Educational Implications of Heredity and Environment
Gene Action
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Types of gene Action
Concept of heritability and repeatability
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Heritability (h2)
Heritability is function of a population
Estimating heritability
Estimation by results of selection
Estimation by ANOVA
Repeatability (r)
Significance of repeatability
Selection (principles, basis, methods, selection parameters)
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Principle of Selection in Animal Breeding
Circumstances in which pedigree selection is performed/useful
Family Selection and Sib selection
Progeny Testing
Requirements/Precautions to be taken for progeny testing
Methods of Selection
Qualitative traits in animal selection
Qualitative traits in animal for selection
Transgenic animal and significance of transgenic animal
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Transgenic animal
How do transgenic animals contribute to human welfare?
Deoxyribo nucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucelic acid (RNA)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Gel-Electrophoresis
Hormone for male and female reproductive system
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Reproductive hormones in males
Reproductive hormones in females
Synchronization of ovulation, A.I., and semen processing
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Purpose of estrus synchronization
Synchronization for cow
Synchronization for Heifer
Introduction of Artificial Insemination
Preparations for insemination and sanitation
Things to remember before Artificial insemination
General tips for insemination technique
Semen collection methods and evaluation:
Artificial Vagina Method
Advantages of using Artificial Vagina method
Semen collection method. (a.v.)
Semen Storage
Embryo transfer technology and super-ovulation
Super Ovulation
Master Principles and Practices of Animal Breeding – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Ribonucelic acid (RNA)

  1. Like DNA, RNA is a macromolecule but comparatively smaller than DNA.
  2. It is single stranded , formed of polynucleotide chain.
  3. RNA like DNA is formed of several hundred or thousands of nucleotides arranged in a linear sequence and connected together by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds.
  4. Each nucleotide consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate and one of the four nitrogen bases. Nucleotides of RNA are called ribonucleotide.
  5. The nitrogen bases in RNA are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and uracil. (Thymine of DNA is substituted by uracil of RNA).
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