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Course Content
Overview of agriculture, agronomy and crop classification
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Introduction
Green revolution
Ecological agriculture/eco-farming
Soil less agriculture
Precision farming
Agronomy
Relation of Agronomy with Other Disciplines of Agricultural Sciences
Food security
Major problems of Nepalese Agriculture
Role of Agronomist in solving food problems
Classification of Crops
Weather and Climate
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Some terminologies
Major elements of climate
Effect of solar radiation
Cardinal temperature
Effect of temperature on plant processes
Growing degree day (GDD)
Precipitation and its effect on crop production
Land classification
Tillage
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Introduction
Soil tilth
Concept of Tillage
Types of Tillage
Advantages and disadvantages of conventional tillage
Classification of tillage
Advantages and disadvantages of minimum tillage
Disadvantages of zero tillage
Seed and seed quality
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Some terminologies
Quality seed
Characteristics of grain
Importance of quality seed
Different classes of seeds
Seed germination
Factors affecting germination
Seed Dormancy
Seed certification
Organization of certification
Minimum certification standard of maize seed
The cropping system
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Some terminologies
Desirable characteristics of intercropping
Some important formulas
Principles of crop rotation
Advantages of crop rotation
Soil fertility and soil productivity
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Some terminologies
Arnon’s criteria of essentiality of elements in plant nutrition
Essential plant nutrients
Classification of Plant Nutrients
Role of essential elements in the plant
Forms of nutrient elements used by plants
Organic manure
Function of organic manure
Classification of organic manures
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
Compost
Vermicompost
Animal manures
Advantages and disadvantages of green manuring
Best quality of a green manuring crops
Fertilizers
Fertilizer grade
Bio-fertilizers
Types of Bio-fertilizers
Factors affecting manure and fertilizer application
Methods of Fertilizer and manure application
Recommendations for the intensive cropping system
Organic matter in relation to crop productivity
Inorganic fertilizers in relation to increase the productivity of soil
Weed Management
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Weed
Losses caused by weeds
Losses caused by aquatic weeds
Beneficial effects of weeds
Classification of weeds
Mode of weed seed dispersal
Methods of weed management
Benefit of herbicides
Limitation of herbicides
Irrigation, drainage and rainfed farming
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Role of water
Classification of water
Water requirements of crops
Factors influencing water requirements
Water use efficiency (WUE)
Irrigation
Surface irrigation system
Sub surface method of irrigation
Drip irrigation method
Sprinkler irrigation method
Approaches for irrigation scheduling
Drainage
Principles of drainage
Benefits of drainage
Causes of water logging
Effect of poor drainage
Types of drainage system
Agricultural drainage
Surface drainage system
Methods of sub surface drainage system
Difference between dry land farming and rainfed farming
Importance of rainfed farming in Nepal
Management of rainfed agriculture
Conservation of water
Methods of water harvesting
Efficient use of conserved water through agronomic management
Soil Erosion
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Introduction
Soil erosion based on causing agent
Factors affecting water erosion
Losses due to water erosion
Measures to control water erosion
Wind erosion
Losses due to wind erosion
Wind erosion control
Crop ideotype and crop density
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Ideotype
Traits for ideotype
Effect of plant population on growth
Factors affecting optimum plant population
Planting patterns
Characteristics ideotype
Master Principles of Agronomy – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Soil tilth

  • Tilth is the term used to express the physical condition of soil i.e. distribution of soil aggregates and friability of soil resulting from tillage.
  • Soil tilth is the physical condition of soil.
  • A soil is said to in good tilth when it is soft, friable and properly aerated.
  • Such soil permits easily infiltration of water and are retentive of moisture for satisfactory growth of plant.

2.3: Soil Tilth - Geosciences LibreTexts

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