Toxicity  of  Cocaine:

Kinetics:

 Cocaine is very rapidly absorbed across all mucosal surfaces, and clinical effects can be seen within minutes of exposure.

Cocaine is metabolized in the serum and liver and is excreted as parent compound and metabolites in the urine.

Mechanism of Action :

Cocaine is a potent sympathomimetic that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the CNS, causing accumulation of these neurotransmitters in the synapse and resulting in prolonged stimulation of postsynaptic neurons.

 It also sensitizes the myocardial cells to endogenous catecholamines, resulting in tachycardia.

Signs:

 Signs of cocaine intoxication occur quickly following ingestion and include hyperactivity, hyperthermia, agitation, ataxia, mydriasis, vomiting, vocalization, tachycardia, tremors, and seizures.

Severe seizures may result in myoglobinemia or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy secondary to hyperthermia.

Diagnosis:

History, clinical signs.

 Blood, stomach contents, and urine can be analyzed by most veterinary diagnostic laboratories for the presence of cocaine.

Treatment: Same as amphetamine .

Diazepam should be used to manage existing seizures. Barbiturates should be used for seizures refractory to diazepam.