General introduction to some minor & under exploited vegetables:
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Sweet potato |
Colocassia |
Yam |
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Climate |
Warm & moist season crop optimum temp. 21 – 26oC |
Warm season crop cannot tolerate frost |
Cannot tolerate frost Optm. Temp. 25 – 30oC |
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Soil |
Sandy loam & pH is 5.2 – 6.7 |
Clay loam to Clay & pH Is 5.5 – 7 |
Well drained, loose Friable soil high organic matter. |
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Varieties |
Pusa Saffaid, Pusa Lal, Pusa Sunaheri, Kiran etc. |
S-3,S-11, Gauraia, Faizabadi etc.
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No improve varieties. Many local varieties of White purple & yellow Flesh colors are available.
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Propagation |
Propagated from Vine cuttings & Sprouts Produce from tubers. |
Propagated from corms & cormels |
Mostly propagated Through tubers. Stem Cuttings are also used |
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Time of planting |
Terai: March – April & Sept. – Oct. Mid Hills & low hills: March – July. |
June – July
March – June |
March – May |
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Field preparation |
2 – 3 ploughings & Leveling, planted in flat Beds or ridges. |
It can be planted in Flooded & dry condition. |
Soil deeply ploughed, Pulverized & leveled. Raised or flat beds are Prepared. |
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Spacing |
60 X 20cm |
60 X 45cm |
75 – 90 X 75 – 90 cm |
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Seed Rate |
40000 – 50000 cuttings/ha |
7.5 – 9.5 qtls/ha,medium Size corms or cormels. |
28-30qtls/ha, if tuber Size of 22.5 gm is planted |
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Manures & fertilizers |
20 tons/hac. FYM, 90: 40: 60 kg NPK/hac. |
20 – 25 tons/hac. FYM 80: 40: 60 kg NPK/ha c. |
20tons/ha FYM, 80: 60: 80 kg NPK/hac. |
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Intercultural operation |
Earthing up should be Done 30 days after Planting. |
Straw making is needed For uplands crops. |
Stakes are provided for Vines |
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Yield |
100 – 250 qtls/hac. |
117 – 140 qtls/hac. |
200 – 300 qtls/hac. for Greater Yam (225 gm) |
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Diseases |
Stem rot & black rot |
Leaf blight & pythium rot |
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Insect Pests |
Sweet potato weevil, Leaf eating caterpillar |
Colocassia leaf hopper, Leaf Eater.
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