Principles of Protected cultivation/horticulture:

Protected horticulture involves cultivating crops in structures that allow control over environmental factors to enhance growth, yield, and quality. Successful protected cultivation depends on several fundamental principles that guide the design, management, and operation of these systems. There are some principles that are important to consider before adopting protected cultivation.

a. Temperature control:

• One of the main benefits of protected cultivation is the ability to control the temperature of the growing environment. This can be especially useful for crops that require specific temperature ranges in order to thrive.

b. Light:

• In protected cultivation, the amount and intensity of light can also be controlled to optimize plant growth. This can be done through the use of artificial lighting or by carefully designing the structure to allow for natural light.

c. Humidity:

• The humidity level in the growing environment can also be controlled to ensure optimal conditions for plant growth. This is especially important for certain crops that require high humidity levels.

d. Pest and disease control:

• Protected cultivation can help to minimize the impacts of pests and diseases on crops by creating a physically isolated growing environment. This can be achieved through the use of physical barriers, such as screens or nettings, or through the use of chemical controls.

e. Water management:

• In protected cultivation, the water needs of the crops can be carefully managed through the use of irrigation systems. This can help to ensure that the plants receive the optimal amount of water for healthy growth.

f. Soil management:

• The soil in a protected cultivation systems can be carefully managed to optimize plant growth. This can involve the use of soil additive or amendments, as well as careful monitoring of soil pH and nutrient levels.