Types of Hydroponics
a. Nutrient film technique (NFT)
b. Deep flow technique /Flood and drain
c. Drip-system/technique
d. Wick system/ technique (Capillary movement)
e. Root dip method
f. Floating method
Definition, principles, importance and scope of protected cultivation of horticultural crops
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Different growing structures for protected horticulture (glasshouse, naturally ventilated greenhouse, hi-tech and semi hi-tech structures, polyhouses, heating tunnel, screen house, rain shelters)
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Historical perspective and status of protected horticulture in Nepal and around the world
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Selection of site and designing of appropriate protected structures based on microclimate
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Principles of protected farming and common practices of farming (soil based and soilless – hydroponics, substrate based, aeroponics and aquaponics)
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Effect of different environmental and soil factors on crop growth in protected culture: temperature, humidity, soil moisture, air circulation, pH, electrical conductivity, solar radiation and light intensity.
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Roofing structures, roofing materials and ventilation systems
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Micro irrigation technology, fertigation practices and soil management
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Automation of irrigation and nutrient management
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Crop management: training, pruning, staking and use of PGRs
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Major insect-pests and diseases in protected cultivation and their integrated management
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