Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia (CCPP)

Master Preventive Medicine – Notes, Case Studies and Practical Insights – with Lomash

Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia (CCPP)

Etiology:

Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies caprae
mycoides sub sp. mycoides has been considered as principal cause of pleuropneumonia in kids upto 6 months.

Epidemiology:

Disease is distributed globally in tropical countries.
In India, disease has been reported from Assam, Chennai, Mumbai, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal.
In naive herds, morbidity is often 100%, and mortality may reach 80%.
In a study conducted to determine seroprevalence of CCPP in Bharatpur Municipality, Chitwan from July to October 2021, seroprevalence was reported to be 4.71%.
Seroprevalence was high among females and goats below or equal to 5 years, however it was not significant statistically.
In similar study conducted in Rupandehi and Palpa district from Jan. 2020 to March 2020, seroprevalence was reported to be 3.37%.

Transmission:

Infection is spread mainly through inhalation.
Organism donot live long outside the animal’s body.
Bot fly has been found to spread the infection.
Factors like high-density farming, poor ventilation, stress, and the introduction of infected animals into healthy herds can facilitate the spread of CCPP.

Pathogenesis:

Clinical Findings:

Incubation period is about 4 days.
Fever (104-106°F), weakness, dullness, anorexia, tachypnea, dry painful cough and nasal discharge are typical findings.
Respiratory distress with open mouth breathing and frothy salivation.
Sudden death may occur without any signs in acute and severe form.
Nasal discharge is watery initially which progresses to thick mucopurulent to white later.

PM Findings:

There is typically appreciable straw-colored pleural effusion and acute fibrinous pneumonia.
Consolidation is sometimes confined to one lung.
In antimicrobial-treated or recovered animals, a sequestrum similar to that observed in CBPP may develop.
The lung is granular with copious straw-colored exudates.
Pea-sized, yellow nodules may be found in the lungs; these nodules are surrounded by areas of congestion.
The regional (bronchial) lymph nodes are enlarged.

Diagnosis:

Based on history and clinical findings
Based on PM findings
Isolation of organism from tissue through culture. Special PPLO media are used for growth of organism.
Blood picture shows decreased RBC and hemoglobin and increased serum glucose and urea nitrogen.
CFT, ELISA
PCR is used for molecular characterization.

Differential Diagnosis:

Along with respiratory signs, mastitis, arthritis, metritis, enteritis, keratitis and septicemia are observed.

Treatment:

CCPP can be treated with oxytetracycline, Rolitetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Tylosin.
Tylosin @40mg/kg, b.wt. for 5 days
Tiamulin @36 mg/kg, b.wt. gave satisfactory response.
Tylosin tartrate @10mg/kg, b.wt. IM along with cotrimoxazole tablet for 5-7 days have been suggested.
Long acting oxytetracycline @20mg/kg, IM, once is effective in treatment of CCPP.

Control Measures:

Isolation of sick animals from rest of herd.
Dead goats should be disposed off properly. Carcass are either burnt or buried deeply.
Strict sanitation measures should be implemented in goat shed premises.
Biosecurity measures such as foot bath with lime water, disinfection of shed with sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate should be done.
Newly purchased animals should be quarantined before mixing into herd.
Vaccination of animals in susceptible herd. Vaccine consist of live culture of caprae. Dose: 0.2 ml to be given at tip of ear. Revaccination at 6-month interval is recommended.