Course Content
Introduction
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Introduction
FEATURES OF ARTHROPODS
Systematic Classification of Insects
Class: Arachnida (arachnids)
Class: Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Class: Diplopoda (millipedes)
Class: Crustacea (Crustaceans)
Class: Insecta (Insects)
Reasons for the dominance of insects over other animals
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DOMINANCE OF INSECTS
REASONS OF DOMINANCE
Some fascinating facts about insects
BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL EFFECTS OF INSECTS
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Beneficial effects
Detrimental effects
External morphology
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Body segmentation of Insect
Insect Body wall/Integument/Exoskeleton
Cuticle
Molting
Types of head or orientation of Head
Insect Antennae
MODIFICATIONS OF INSECT ANTENNAE
MOUTH PARTS
Parts of Mouth
Modification of mouth parts
Visual Organs or Photoreceptor
Compound eyes
Simple eyes or dorsal ocelli
Difference between Simple Eyes and Compound Eyes
THORAX AND THORACIC SEGMENTS AND ITS APPENDAGES
Structure of legs
Modification of legs
Other forms of modification of legs
WINGS
Wing venation
Wing adaptations and modifications
Abdominal Appendages
Pre-genital appendages
Genital appendages
Post genital appendages
Some parts of Post genital appendages
Internal Anatomy
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Salivary glands
Process of digestion
Digestive enzymes
Modification of digestive system of insects.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Dorsal blood vessel
Process of blood circulation
Properties of blood
Functions of blood
EXCRETORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Classification of tracheal system based on number and arrangement of functional spiracles
Other types of respiration
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN INSECTS
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Types of Reproduction
NERVOUS SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Classification of Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Visceral / sympathetic nervous system
Insect Metamorphosis and Development
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Introduction
Types of Metamorphosis
Types of Larvae
Quiescence and Diapause
Types of Pupae
Classification and Study of Economically Important Orders and Families of Insects
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Classification of insects
EXOPTERYGOTA:
ENDOPTERYGOTA:
EXOPTERYGOTA (Simple body change during growth)
ENDOPTERYGOTA (Complex body change during growth)
INSECT ORDERS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Major families of orthoptera
Families of economic importance of Hemiptera
Families of economic importance of Homoptera
Economically important families of Coleptera
Economically important families of Diptera
Economic important families of Hymenoptera
Economically important families of Lepidoptera
Moths (Heterocera)
Introduction to Industrial Entomology
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Life cycle of Honeybee (Apis milifera ):
Life cycle of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus )
Life Cycle of Lac Insect ( Kerria lacca)
Learn Introductory Entomology with Rahul

Types of head or orientation of Head

According to the position or projection of mouth parts, the head of the insect can be classified as:

 

A) Hypognathous (Hypo – Below: Gnathous – Jaw):

  • The head remain vertical and is at right angle to the long axis of the body and mouth parts are ventrally placed and projected downwards.
  • This is also known as Orthopteroid type. Eg: Grasshopper, Cockroach.

Head of the cockroach according to its position is known asA. HypopharynxB. HepatocerebralC. HypognathousD. Supragnathus

B) Prognathous: (Pro – infront: Gnathous – Jaw):

  • The head remains in the same axis to body and mouth parts are projected forward.
  • This is also known as Coleopteroid type. Eg: beetles.

Insects and mouthparts

C) Opisthognathous: (Opistho – behind: Gnathous – Jaw):

  • Mouthparts are directed backward and held in between the fore legs. .This is also known as Hemipteroid or Opisthorhynchous type.
  • Eg: bugs
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