Course Content
Definition, components, importance and scope of agroforestry in Nepal
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Definition and basic concepts of agroforestry
Principles of agroforestry
Characteristics of agroforestry systems
Objectives of agroforestry
Scope of agroforestry
Advantages or benefits or importance of agroforestry
Disadvantages of agroforestry
Components of Agroforestry and their interactions
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Introduction
Harmful effects
Classification of agroforestry systems
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Purpose of agroforestry system classification
Criteria or principles for agroforestry system classification
Structural basis
Functional basis
Socio-economic basis
Ecological basis
Historical Development of Agroforestry in the World and in Nepal
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Introduction
Relation of Agroforestry with other disciplines
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Forestry
Agriculture
Social forestry
Multipurpose tree species
Energy plantation and high-density energy plantation (HDEP)
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Introduction
Criteria for the selection of firewood species
Compatibility between crops, animals and woody perennials
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Introduction
Harmful effects
Allelopathic effects to under storey crops and plants
Aboveground and underground relationship
Examples of the best combination of trees and crops
Effects of agriculture crops on trees
Effects of animals on vegetation
Effects of trees on animals
Important field crops, vegetables, fruits and forage suitable for agroforestry plantation
Silviculture Techniques for Making Tree and Crop combination Compatible
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Introduction
Types of waste lands and waste land planting techniques
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Introduction
Planting methods
Mechanism for improving degraded lands through agroforestry
Forest cover of Nepal
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Introduction
Participatory Forest Management
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Participatory Approaches
Categories (types) of Nepalese forest
Steps for community forestry working process and practices
Important Agroforestry trees
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Sissoo  Dalbergia sissoo
Ipil-Ipil  
Uttis    Alnus nepalensis
Eucalyptus (Masala)             Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Poplar (lahare papal)       
Neem       
Bakaino   
Bamboo    
Bhimal    
Agroforestry for conservation of natural resources
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Mechanism for natural resource conservation
Agroforestry for natural forest protection
Agroforestry for soil fertility improvement
Agroforestry for biodiversity conservation
Design appropriate agroforestry project to conserve natural resources
Collection and use of biophysical and socio-economic information
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Introduction
Participatory Rural Appraisal
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Introduction
Characteristics of good PRA
Potential dangers and drawbacks of PRA
PRA tools and techniques
Methods for agroforestry system planning and management
The ICRAF’s Diagnostic and Design Methodology
Level of D&D Methods
Farming System Research and Development (FSRD) Approach
Principles or consideration for agroforestry project design
Procedure for designing agroforestry project
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Stages of agroforestry project design
Learn Agroforestry with Rahul

Functional basis

1. Shelterbelt and wind break

A shelter belt is defined as a belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from hot, dry and cool wind, sun and snow drift to agriculture crops, fruits, livestock and farm houses etc. Shelter belts are also called protection belt which covers larger areas than wind breaks.

 

Wind break is defined as any obstacle that reduces wind velocity. These obstacles could be stone wall and or strips of living trees and shrubs to provide shelter to agriculture crops, fruits, livestock and farm houses etc from hot, dry and cool wind, sun and snow drift.

 

Tree shelter belt can improve crop yields at the same time provide valuable timber and other non-timber forest products.

 

In Nepal, shelter belts and or wind breaks are maintained in Terai and inn- Terai areas where strong hot and dry wind damage agriculture crops and fruits.

 

For the establishment of effective shelter belts or wind breaks, 1-2 rows of trees are planted at 1-2 meters row to row distance and 2-3 meters plant to plant distance maintaining 35-50% porosity from top to bottom.

 

Tree species selected for shelter belt should be easy to propagate and plantation establishment, deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, well branched with straight stem, moderate to dense wind breaking capacity, produce high demanding valuable products and have good shelter providing capacity etc.

 

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Casuarinas equisellifolia, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia auriculiformis, Melia azedarac, Leucaena leucocephala and Bambusa species are planted as wind break and or shelter belt. In temperate countries like New Zealand pine species also used for establishing wind breaks or shelter belt.

 

Function of wind break and shelter belts

  • Protecting agriculture crops, fruit trees and fruits, and livestock from hot, dry and cool winds, sun and snow, and then improving their productivity.
  • Providing shelter to houses and other farm construction.
  • Controlling strong wind to reduce its damage.
  • Improving surrounding environment and moderating micro-climate.
  • Controlling wind erosion and shifting sand dunes in arid areas.
  • Providing fodder, fuel wood and timber from which farmers can generate more income.
  • Diversification of farm income.
  • Legume trees improve soil fertility.
  • Improving aesthetic value and generation of recreation areas.
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