Components of major farming system

A) Mountain Farming System :

a) Livestock based farming system (pastoral system) is predominant

b) Mostly covered by rangeland area like meadows

c) Transhumance system of animal production is common

d)Major fruits: Apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, walnut , Major crops: potato, barley, buckwheat, amaranths (लट्टे ), finger millet (कोदो), common millet, foxtail millet.

B) Hill Farming System :

a) Agro-forestry is an integral part of livelihood

b) Integrated (Crop-livestock-Forestry) farming system is predominant

c) Example is Maize-Livestock farming system

d) Horticulture crops are the major enterprise like fruits, vegetables, flowers

e) Major livestock are cattle, buffalo, goat, piggery

f) Other enterprises are plantation crops, spices, medicinal plants, bee keeping, multipurpose trees, non timber forest products (NTFPs)

C) Terai Farming System :

a) Contribution of crop and livestock to household income is approximately 80% and 20% respectively

b) Cereal based farming system is predominant

c) Major livestock are cattle, buffalo, goat, poultry, ducks,

d) Popular cash crops are sugarcane, jute, tobacco, cotton

e) Other enterprises are fruits, vegetables, fisheries, aviary, sericulture, mushroom, timber tree