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Course Content
Introduction
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Introduction
FEATURES OF ARTHROPODS
Systematic Classification of Insects
Class: Arachnida (arachnids)
Class: Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Class: Diplopoda (millipedes)
Class: Crustacea (Crustaceans)
Class: Insecta (Insects)
Reasons for the dominance of insects over other animals
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DOMINANCE OF INSECTS
REASONS OF DOMINANCE
Some fascinating facts about insects
BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL EFFECTS OF INSECTS
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Beneficial effects
Detrimental effects
External morphology
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Body segmentation of Insect
Insect Body wall/Integument/Exoskeleton
Cuticle
Molting
Types of head or orientation of Head
Insect Antennae
MODIFICATIONS OF INSECT ANTENNAE
MOUTH PARTS
Parts of Mouth
Modification of mouth parts
Visual Organs or Photoreceptor
Compound eyes
Simple eyes or dorsal ocelli
Difference between Simple Eyes and Compound Eyes
THORAX AND THORACIC SEGMENTS AND ITS APPENDAGES
Structure of legs
Modification of legs
Other forms of modification of legs
WINGS
Wing venation
Wing adaptations and modifications
Abdominal Appendages
Pre-genital appendages
Genital appendages
Post genital appendages
Some parts of Post genital appendages
Internal Anatomy
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Salivary glands
Process of digestion
Digestive enzymes
Modification of digestive system of insects.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Dorsal blood vessel
Process of blood circulation
Properties of blood
Functions of blood
EXCRETORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Classification of tracheal system based on number and arrangement of functional spiracles
Other types of respiration
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN INSECTS
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Types of Reproduction
NERVOUS SYSTEM OF INSECTS
Classification of Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Visceral / sympathetic nervous system
Insect Metamorphosis and Development
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Introduction
Types of Metamorphosis
Types of Larvae
Quiescence and Diapause
Types of Pupae
Classification and Study of Economically Important Orders and Families of Insects
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Classification of insects
EXOPTERYGOTA:
ENDOPTERYGOTA:
EXOPTERYGOTA (Simple body change during growth)
ENDOPTERYGOTA (Complex body change during growth)
INSECT ORDERS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Major families of orthoptera
Families of economic importance of Hemiptera
Families of economic importance of Homoptera
Economically important families of Coleptera
Economically important families of Diptera
Economic important families of Hymenoptera
Economically important families of Lepidoptera
Moths (Heterocera)
Introduction to Industrial Entomology
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Life cycle of Honeybee (Apis milifera ):
Life cycle of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus )
Life Cycle of Lac Insect ( Kerria lacca)
Master Introductory Entomology – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Types of Pupae

A. Based on adherence of appendages.

a)Exarate: Body appendages loosely attached or or extended freely from any secondary attachments to the body. Example: Bees, Wasps, Beetles, etc

b) Obtect: Body appendages firmly attached to the body. Example: Lemon butterfly pupa, moth pupa.

c) Coarctate: Pupa covered in a hardened exuviae(skin) of the last larval instars. Example: Housefly Pupa.

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