Euploid

• of genomes more than 2 or copies of a genome more than twice.
• It is of following type:

1. i) Monoploid: One copy of a single genome.
2. ii) Haploid: Gametic chromosome number

iii) Polyploid: More than 2 copies of one genome or 2 copies of each of two or more genome distant genomes

Production of haploids

1. In VIVO:

a) Parthenogenesis: From unfertilized egg cell

b) Apogamy: From antipodal and synergids

c) Androgenesis: From male nucleus. It contains paternal genotype and maternal plasmotype.

d) Semigamy: From unused male and female gametes independently.

e) Genome elimination by distant hybridization

f) Chemical treatment

g) Temperature shocks

h) Irradiation

2. In Vitro:

a) Anther culture

b) Pollen culture

c) Ovule culture