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Course Content
Introduction and scope of genetics
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Introduction
Application of genetics
Branches of genetics
Scope of genetics
History of genetics
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History of genetics
Cell division (mitosis, meiosis, and cell cycle)
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Cell cycle
Significance of mitosis and meiosis
Classification of chromosome
Life cycles (virus, bacteria, Neurospora, Aspergillus, maize, and man)
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Some terminologies
Lifecycle of Human
Lifecycle of Maize
Lifecycle of virus
Viral reproduction in host cells
Lifecycle of Bacteria
Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria
Sexual Reproduction in Bacteria
Lifecycle of Neurospora
Lifecycle of Aspergillus
Reproduction in Aspergillus
Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment
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Reason for selection of pea plant
Important terms
Law of segregation
Law of dominance :
Law of independent assortment
Probability and statistical testing
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Introduction
Binomial expansion
Probability of a combination of two independent events
Gene action and interaction
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Introduction
Inter allelic or intra genic interaction
Non allelic or intergenic gene interaction
Pleiotropic effects of gene
Penetrance
Expressivity
Sex determination and sex linkage
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Sex determination
Mechanism of sex determination in Animals
Sex expression in drosophila
Single gene affecting sex determination
Mechanism of sex determination in plants
Sex linkage
Characteristics of sex-linked inheritance
Non-disjunction
Linkage and crossing over
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Linkage
Crossing over
Types of crossing over
Interference
Recombination
Extra-nuclear inheritance – genes in organelles, maternal effect, criteria for extra-nuclear inheritance
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Introduction
Characteristics of Extranuclear inheritance
Criteria for extrachromosomal inheritance
Maternal effects
Nucleic acids
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Deoxyribose nucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Types of RNA
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation
Genetic code
Mutation – genic, chromosomal and molecular levels
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Introduction
Types of mutation
Some mutagens and their effects
Polyploidy
Chromosomal aberrations, euploidy, and aneuploidy
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Introduction
Structural change
Aneuploidy
Euploid
Application of haploid
Autopolyploids
Allopolyploids
Transposable genetic elements
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Introduction
Characteristics of transposable genetic elements
Significance of transposons
Gene regulation
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Introduction
Gene regulation in Prokaryotes
Terminologies
Lac operon in E.coli
Master Introductory Genetics – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Penetrance

  • The ability of gene to express itself in the individual carrying it in the appropriate genotype is called penetrance.

i) Complete penetrance: Express itself in every individual.

ii) Incomplete penetrance: Fail to itself in some of the individuals.

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