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Course Content
Introduction to concepts of animal welfare and ethics
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Introduction to Animal Welfare
Historical Development
Concepts of Animal Welfare
Two and Three Animal Welfare Concepts
Examples of Issues Affecting Animal Welfare
Meeting animal needs
Animal needs in different environments
Hierarchy of Needs (Adapted from Maslow’s Hierarchy Applied to Animals)
Welfare and Death
Animal Rights
Ethics
Concepts of One Health and One Welfare
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One health
Benefits of one health
Brief History of One Health
Reasons for One Health
Impact of Animal Diseases on Human Health
Why one health?
One Health: Focus on People and Zoonosis
One Welfare
Welfare Assessment Methods and the Five Domains
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Five freedoms
The Five Domains of Potential Welfare
Welfare Assessment
Methods of Welfare Assessment
Tools and Protocols Used in Welfare Assessment
Importance and challenges of welfare Assessment in Livestock Production and Research
Five Freedoms (Brambell Committee, 1965)
Problems with the Five Freedoms
The Five Freedoms and Welfare Inputs & Outputs
Relationship between Five Freedoms and Inputs/Outputs
Physiological and Behavioral Indicators of Animal Welfare
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Introduction
Why should we study the behavior and welfare of animals??
Types of Behavior
Possible avenues for prevention of abnormal behaviour
Behavioural indicators
Physiological Indicators of Animal Welfare
Immune and Production Indicators of Welfare
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Introduction
Immune Indicators of Welfare
Production Indicators of Welfare
Disease and Five Freedoms
Disease and Pain in Relation to Animal Welfare
Quantifying disease and production
Quantifying human response to disease
Welfare of animals used in research, testing and education
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Facts on animal research
Why are animals used?
How does research affect animal welfare?
What kind of harm do animals used in research experience?
The 3Rs
Causes of Pain or Distress
Prevention of Pain
Refining endpoints
Ethics and Experiments on Animals
Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research (National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT), 2018)
Use of Animals in Teaching or Education
Use of Animals in Testing
Welfare of animals during transport and issues
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Importance of Good Transport
Stages of Transport in Animals
Areas of Good Welfare Concern during Transport (According to the Welfare Quality® Project framework)
General Principles of Improvement of Animal Welfare in Transport
How to improve the welfare of livestock in transport?
How to improve the welfare of poultry in transport (Grandin, 2010a)
Primary issues in the welfare of pigs
Improving transport of cattle and buffalo
Primary welfare issues in sheep and goats
Improving welfare at markets
Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming Practices
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How welfare inputs affect farm animal welfare???
The Main Welfare Problems in Dairy animals (Cow, calves)
Three Approaches for Considering Animal Welfare
Types of farming system- Housing (FAO, 2011)
How genetics affect farm animal welfare???
How stockperson affect farm animal welfare???
Areas of Welfare for Dairy Cows
Common welfare problems in dairy cows (Webster, 2010)
Common welfare problems in dairy calves
Welfare of Pigs
Common welfare problems in sows
Welfare of Sows in Farrowing Crates
Common welfare problems in piglets
Common welfare problems in growing pigs
Welfare of Laying Hens
Welfare of Meat Chickens (Broilers)
Welfare of Breeding Stocks of Poultry
Husbandry Systems in Laying Hens (Based on Appleby et al., 2004; Duncan, 2010)
Common welfare problems in laying birds
Common welfare problems in meat birds
Improving Livestock Welfare
Improving cattle welfare
Improving Pig Welfare
Improving Chicken Welfare
Pet and Companion animal welfare, and Population control programmes
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Objectives
How Veterinarians Can Help in Clinical Consultation
Common Welfare Problems
Most health problems (dentistry, digestion) related to diet
Welfare of Street Dogs and Cats
Welfare of Stray Animals
Stakeholders in resolving the problem of strays
Why mass killing is ineffective
Wild animal welfare
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Introduction
Welfare of Stray Animals
Welfare issues affecting free living wild animal ( Leach et al., 2005)
Aspects affecting the free-living wild animals
Welfare Issues of Captive Wild Animals
Environmental enrichment (Young, 2003; Mason et al., 2007)
Master Animal Ethics and Welfare – Notes, Case Studies and Practical Insights – with Rahul

Tools and Protocols Used in Welfare Assessment

  • Welfare Quality® Protocols (EU) for cattle, pigs, and poultry.
  • Animal Needs Index (ANI): considers housing, management, animal behavior.
  • Body Condition Scoring (BCS): widely used in dairy cattle, sheep, and dogs.
  • Qualitative Behavior Assessment (QBA): evaluates emotional state of animals.
  • Cortisol or stress hormone analysis: physiological measure of stress.
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