Modern tool for analysis of situation
- SWOT Analysis:
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Strength major positive sides of the subject under study |
Weakness the liability of any organization or project/ program |
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Opportunity the ability to grow and achieve |
Threat situation that blocks activities and programs |
- TOWS analysis/matrix:
- Developed by Koontz and Weihrich, 2005.
- is conceptual framework for a systematic analysis that facilitate matching of the external threats and opportunities with the internal weakness and strengths of any system.
a) Internal factors: for example, farmers, extension organization
b) External factors: for example, environment, government policy
c) Internal strength: Knowledge and skills
d) Internal weakness: lack of information
- The four-alternative strategy of the TOWS matrix have shown in the table below.
a) WT strategy: aims to minimize both internal weakness and external threats
b) WO strategy attempt to minimize the internal weakness and maximizing external opportunities
c) ST strategy is based on maximizing internal strength and minimizing external threats
d) SO strategy is most gainful situation where both the strength and opportunity are maximized
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External factors |
Internal factors |
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Internal strength (S) |
Internal weakness (W) |
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External Opportunity (O) |
SO strategy : Max-Max |
WO strategy : Min-Max |
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External Threats (T) |
ST strategy : Max-Min |
WT strategy : Min-MIn |
Identify the problems and need
Bakers suggested that three concept are useful in thinking about needs.
- What the situation is now: determined by situational analysis
- What the situation can be: opportunity or desire considering the time
- What situation should be: the ideal future situation
Setting the objectives
- SMART
a) Specific
b) Measurable
c) Attainable
d) Realistic
e) Time bound