Effects of Salt-Affected Soils on Plants

1. Saline Soils

• Reduced water & nutrient absorption: High osmotic pressure prevents roots from absorbing moisture.
• Salt toxicity: High salt concentrations damage plant tissues, reducing productivity.

2. Sodic & Saline-Sodic Soils

• Soil dispersion: Na⁺ causes soil particles to break apart, reducing structure.
• Poor physical properties: Low aeration, low water infiltration, and poor drainage.
• Nutrient deficiency: High Na⁺ reduces the availability of Zn, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Ca.
• Corrosive action: High alkalinity damages plant roots and stems.