Course Content
Introduction to plant breeding
0/5
Introduction
Scope of plant breeding (Future Prospects)
Undesirable effects
History of plant breeding
Scientific contributions of eminent scientists
Domestication, plant introduction, and acclimatization
0/6
Acclimatization
Plant Introduction
Procedure of Plant Introduction
Purpose of plant introduction
Merits of Plant Introduction
Germplasm Collection
Modes of reproduction and pollination control
0/6
Mode of reproduction
Categories of mode of reproduction
Pollination
Mechanisms promoting self-pollination
Genetic Consequences of Self-Pollination
Genetic Consequences of Cross-Pollination
Qualitative and quantitative characters (qualitative and quantitative characters in crops and their inheritance)
0/2
Introduction
Role of the environment in Quantitative Inheritance
Biometrical techniques in plant breeding (assessment of variability, aids to selection, choice of parents, crossing techniques, genotype-by- environment interactions)
0/3
Introduction
Components of Genetic variance
Things to remember
Selection in self-pollinated crops (progeny test, pureline theory, origin of variation, genetic advance, genetic gain)
0/5
Progeny test
Pureline selection
General procedure for evolving a variety by pureline selection
Advantage of pureline selection
Origin of variation in pure lines
Hybridization techniques and its consequences (objectives, types, program, procedures, consequences)
0/4
Introduction
Some terminologies
Types of hybridization
Pre-requisites for hybridization
Genetic composition of cross-pollinated populations (Hardy-Weinberg law, equilibrium, mating systems)
0/4
Hardy-Weinberg law
Proof of Hardy-Weinberg law
Example of Hardy-Weinberg law
Factors affecting equilibrium frequencies
Selection in cross-pollinated crops (response and gain from selection, variability)
0/5
Introduction
MASS SELECTION
Recurrent selection
Procedure for Reciprocal recurrent selection
Half-sib and full-sib selection with progeny testing
Heterosis and inbreeding depression
0/5
Heterosis
Manifestations of Heterosis
Inbreeding depression
Degrees of inbreeding depression
Use of heterosis
Mutation breeding (types, use of mutagens, application)
0/8
Introduction
Classification of mutations
Characteristic feature of mutations
Procedure for irradiation
Selection of the variety and dose of mutagen
Mutation breeding for polygenic traits
Applications of Mutation Breeding
Advantages of mutation breeding
Polyploidy in plant breeding (aneuploidy, euploidy, allo- and autoploidy, applications)
0/6
Introduction
Origin and production of doubled chromosome numbers
Morphological and cytological features of auto polyploids
Application of Autopolyploidy in Crop improvement
Allopolyploidy
Limitations of Allopolyploidy
Breeding methods in self-pollinated crops (Mass, Pure line, Pedigree, Bulk, Backcross, etc)
0/5
Mass Selection
Bulk Method
Pedigree Method
Single Seed Descent
Backcross
Clonal selection
0/5
Clonal Selection
Advantages and disadvantages of clonal selection
Problems in Breeding asexually propagated crops
Genetic variation within a clone
Clonal degeneration
Release of new varieties
0/5
Introduction to Variety
Norms for Release of New Variety
Development of New Variety
Institutions Related with Release of Variety
Variety Release Procedure
Quality seed
0/4
Introduction
Importance of quality seed
Major seed quality characters
Characteristics of good quality seed
Breeding for pest resistance
0/3
Pest includes
Defense mechanisms of host against pathogen/parasite
Breeding for resistance
Intellectual property right
0/4
Introduction
Objectives
Types of Intellectual Property
Policy objectives favoring IPRs in new plant varieties
Learn Introductory Plant Breeding with Rahul

MASS SELECTION

  • Mass selection consists of selecting individuals on the basis of phenotypic superiority and mixing the seeds for using as planting material for next season.

Mass Selection Method - Procedure, Applications, Merits, Demerits - Biology Notes Online

a) Procedure for evolving variety by mass selection:

  • First year : large number of phenotypically similar plants having desirable characters are selected. The number may vary from few hundred to few thousand. The seeds from the selected plants are composited to raise the next generation.
  • Second year : composited seed planted in a preliminary field trial along with standard checks. The variety from which the selection was made should also be included as check. Phenotypic characteristics of the variety are critically examined and evaluated.
  • Third to sixth year : The variety is evaluated in coordinated yield trials at several locations. It is evaluated in an initial evaluation (IET) trial for one year. If found superior it is promoted to main yield trials for 2 or 3 years.
  • Seventh year : if the variety is proved superior in main yield trials it is multiplied and released after giving a suitable name.

 

b) Modification of mass selection:

  • Large number of plants are selected (I year) and individual plant progenies are raised (II year).
  • Inferior, segregating progenies are reflected. Uniform, superior rows are selected and the seed is bulked.
  • Preliminary yield trials are conducted in third year. Fourth to seventh year multilocation tests are conducted and seed is multiplied in eight year and distributed in ninth year.

 

 

Merits of Mass selection

  1. Can be practiced both in self- and cross-pollinated crops
  2. The varieties developed through mass selection are more widely adopted than pure lines.
  3. It retains considerable variability and hence further improvement is possible in future by selection
  4. Helps in preservation of land races
  5. Useful for purification of pure line varieties
  6. Improvement of characters governed by few genes with high heritability is possible.
  7. Less time consuming and less expensive.

 

Demerits of mass selection

  1. Varieties are not uniform.
  2. Since no progeny test is done, the genotype of the selected plant is not known.
  3. Since selection is based on phenotype and no control over pollination the improvement brought about is not permanent. Hence, the process of mass selection has to be repeated not and then.
  4. Characters which are governed by large number of genes with low heritability cannot be improved.
  5. It cannot create any new genotype but utilizes existing genetic variability.

 

 

 

Achievements

Cotton : Dharwad American Cotton

Groundnut : TMV-1 & TMV-2

Bajra : pusa moti, Baja puri, Jamnagar gaint, AF3

Sorghum : R.S. 1

Rice : SLO 13, MTU-15

Potato : K122

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