Hierarchy of Needs (Adapted from Maslow’s Hierarchy Applied to Animals)
- Like humans, animals have needs arranged in a hierarchical order.
- Higher-level needs become relevant only after basic needs are met.
Levels of Animal Needs:
a. Basic Physiological Needs
- Food, water, air, rest, shelter.
- Example: Cattle require constant access to drinking water and balanced diet.
b. Safety and Health Needs
- Protection from predators, harsh environment, disease, and injury.
- Example: Vaccination, secure housing, parasite control.
c. Social Needs
- Companionship, group living, bonding, maternal care.
- Example: Sheep require flocking to feel secure.
d. Behavioral and Comfort Needs
- Space and environment to express natural behaviors.
- Example: Poultry require perches and dust bathing areas.
e. Psychological and Mental Well-being
- Freedom from stress, fear, and suffering.
- Example: Calm handling, positive stockperson–animal interaction.
f. Self-fulfillment or Species-specific Needs
- Ability to live in a way that reflects species-specific characteristics.
- Example: Pigs rooting, cattle grazing, horses running in open fields.