How to improve the welfare of poultry in transport (Grandin, 2010a)

a. Good feeding:

• Long journey times à no access to feed and water à hunger, thirst, dehydration

b. Good health (disease, injury, pain)

• Exacerbated by handling à staff paid low rates

c. Good housing

• Heat stress in meat birds
• Cold stress in end-of-lay hens

d. Appropriate behavior

• Fear of handling

e. Welfare inputs

• Stockperson: Mechanized collection of birds, Never pick up by a single leg, Collection with both hands, genetics
• Driver: Journey times and heat stress, Slaughter plant on the farm, vehicle and ventilation

f. Incentives and penalties-audits

• % broken, dislocated wings
• % deaths
• % broken legs
• % bruised legs
• % bruised breasts