How to improve the welfare of poultry in transport (Grandin, 2010a)
a. Good feeding:
- Long journey times à no access to feed and water à hunger, thirst, dehydration
b. Good health (disease, injury, pain)
- Exacerbated by handling à staff paid low rates
c. Good housing
- Heat stress in meat birds
- Cold stress in end-of-lay hens
d. Appropriate behavior
- Fear of handling
e. Welfare inputs
- Stockperson: Mechanized collection of birds, Never pick up by a single leg, Collection with both hands, genetics
- Driver: Journey times and heat stress, Slaughter plant on the farm, vehicle and ventilation
f. Incentives and penalties-audits
- % broken, dislocated wings
- % deaths
- % broken legs
- % bruised legs
- % bruised breasts