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Master Animal Ethics and Welfare – Notes, Case Studies and Practical Insights – with Rahul

Relationship between Five Freedoms and Inputs/Outputs

a. Freedom from Hunger and Thirst

  • Input: Balanced feed and clean water provision.
  • Output: Normal body condition score, no signs of dehydration.

 

b. Freedom from Discomfort

  • Input: Comfortable housing, bedding, climate control.
  • Output: Animals resting calmly, no prolonged standing due to discomfort.

 

c. Freedom from Pain, Injury, and Disease

  • Input: Preventive health care, good housing design.
  • Output: Low mortality/morbidity rates, healthy physical condition.

 

d. Freedom to Express Normal Behavior

  • Input: Adequate space, enrichment, social groups.
  • Output: Play behavior, grooming, social interactions.

 

e. Freedom from Fear and Distress

  • Input: Low-stress handling, quiet environment, humane transport.
  • Output: Calm animals, absence of abnormal fear responses or stress behaviors.

 

Importance in Welfare Assessment

  • Inputs show what is provided → necessary but not sufficient.
  • Outputs show what animals actually experience → essential for true welfare evaluation.
  • Modern welfare science emphasizes animal-based outputs over purely resource-based inputs.
  • Combining both gives a complete welfare assessment.
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