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Course Content
An over view of biotechnology – history, process and product
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Some Terminologies
Introduction
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Scope and importance of biotechnology
Agriculture, Industrial, Environmental and Healthcare fields of biotechnology
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Application of industrial biotechnology
Principles of immunology
Agricultural biotechnology:
Genetic engineering and gene cloning
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Introduction
Restriction enzyme
GENE CLONING VECTORS
Cloning and expression vectors
Classes of plasmids
Transferring genes into plants and animal cells
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens: An important vector for genetic engineering
Transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
Other methods of transformation
Application of genetic engineering
Transgene silencing
Cell and tissue culture
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Plant tissue culture
Meristem Culture
Micropropagation
Embryo culture
ANTHER/POLLEN CULTURE
Protoplast culture
Callus culture
Suspension culture
Somatic hybridization
Somaclonal variation
Wide hybridization
Distant hybridization
Methods of virus elimination ( or Production of disease-free plants)
Virus indexing
Germplasm Conservation
Gene Pool
Animal biotechnology
The concept, aim and, scope of biodiversity
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Some Terminologies
Biodiversity
Diversity, classification, and nomenclature of cultivated plants, weeds, microbes, and insect-pests
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Introduction
Factors affecting biodiversity
Database
Indexing biodiversity
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Biodiversity indexing
Genetic erosion
Sampling technique for biodiversity indexing
Centers of diversity of crops and wild genetic diversity
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Center of origin
Conservation of biodiversity
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Types of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Scope and Importance of Biodiversity
Concept of Biodiversity Conservation
Practice in Biodiversity Conservation
Master Introductory Biotechnology and Biodiversity – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Application of genetic engineering

A. Direct application:

  1. Disease and pest resistance
  2. Insect and herbicide resistance.
  • Chick pea resistant to pod borer and salmonella

3. Sex expression

4. Virus resistance:

  • RNA from sense (+) + RNA from nonsense (-) à RNA Duplex (+,-) à No protein formation and resistance to virus.

a. Sex expression:

  • MM(heterozygous male) + mm (homozygous female) à Mm(heterozygous)

 

b. Increased quality

c. Edible vaccines

d. Production of novel biochemicals

e. Seed storage

 

B. Indirect Application:

  • Introduction of nuclear encoded marker genes for hybridization and cybridization.
  • Introduction of transposons in crop plants for tagging genes of agricultural traits.
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