Other methods of transformation
- Particle gun method:
- DNA is coated on to very small metal particles (0.5-5 micro meter) called microcarriers.
- These particles are shot at a high speed into the cell tissues/organs to be transformed.
- The particles are accelerated by a device called particle gun.
2. Microinjection method:
- The DNA is introduced directly into the nuclei of plant cells/protoplasts/pollen grains with the help of microsyringe.
3. Direct DNA uptake:
- DNA is taken up directly by plant cells, plant protoplasts, pollen grains, mature embryo or even whole seeds.
4. Electroporation:
- Protoplasts are subjected to high field (400v/cm) strength electrical pulses for a very brief duration (10-15 ms) or to a very high voltage (1000-1500 v/cm for 10ms).
- This treatment creates transient pores In the plasmalemma through which DNA molecule enter into the protoplast.
5. Polyethylene glycol treatment:
- PEG promotes direct DNA uptake by protoplast by changing the membrane properties.
