Farming, fishing and hunting

• The primary goal of any society is to ensure its own survival and continuity.
• In primitive societies, there was no formal economic structure; people met only basic needs like food and shelter through self-supporting means.

• In modern societies, there are complex economic systems involving production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services.
• Even simple economic activities serve not just biological needs but also social needs such as kinship, hospitality, rules, values, and prestige.
• In Nepal, agriculture is not just an occupation but a way of life, with over 80% of the population depending on subsistence farming.
• Main crops include paddy, wheat, millet, potato, and buckwheat.
• Use of modern tools, irrigation, and fertilizers has helped increase productivity for those who can afford them.
• Some tribal groups in Nepal (like Dhimal, Danuwar, Chepang, Rautes, Satar) still engage in fishing, hunting, and food gathering as part of a subsistence economy.
• Women and children often participate in these activities, especially in water-rich areas.
• Commonly hunted animals include dove, goose, deer, rabbit, lizard, monkey, etc., using tools like gulthi, bows, khukuri, and bhala.
• Previously, domesticated dogs were used for hunting.
• In recent times, some tribal members sell fish to earn cash income.
• Interest in hunting and fishing is decreasing among tribal people in modern times.