Course Content
Introduction to microbiology
0/3
Introduction
Importance of Microbiology
Branches of Microbiology
Introduction to microorganism
0/7
Introduction
Viruses
Viriods
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
0/2
Prokaryotic cell
Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
Nutritional requirement and genetics of bacteria
0/3
Introduction
Genetics of bacteria
Steps of transformation
Role of microorganism in soil fertility and crop production
0/9
Examples of microorganism for fertility management
Role of microbes in crop production
Carbon cycle 
Phosphorus Cycle
Role of microbes in phosphorus cycle
Sulfur/Sulphur cycle
Phenomenon of Sulphur cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Stages of Nitrogen Cycle
Plant microbe association
0/1
Communalisms: Epiphytic association
Biodegradation of agricultural chemicals
0/4
Pesticide with persistent period
Bio magnifications
Biodegradation of agricultural chemicals (pesticides) with aliphatic hydrocarbons
Biodegradation of Agricultural pesticides having aromatic hydrocarbons
Microbial degradation of cellulose, pectin, lipid, lignin and protein present in organic residues
0/10
Cellulose degradation
Bacteria
Actinomycetes
Hemicellulose degradation
In hemicelluloses, there is breakdown of 3 enzymes involved.
Lignin degradation
Starch degradation
Pectic substances/ pectin degradation
Protein degradation
Fat/Lipid degradation
Introduction to plant pathogenic microorganism
0/2
Introduction
Mycobacteria
Microbiology of milk and ,milk products
0/7
Introduction
Microorganisms in milk
Pasteurization
Microbiology of Milk products (Dairy product)
Fermented milk and butter
Microorganisms used in dairy industry to manufacture fermented milk
Different Types of Sour Milk
Introduction to rumen microbiology
0/7
Introduction
Advantages of ruminant model fermentation
Important species of bacteria present in rumen of cattle and sheep
Microorganisms playing important role in rumen(Ruminal Microbes)
Protein Metabolism in the Rumen
Production and Modification of Toxic substances in the Rumen
Toxic substance detoxified in the Rumen
Microorganisms in human welfare
0/9
Bio-fertilizers
Certain nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bio pesticides
Sterilization strategy
Insect hormones
Natural insecticides
Bio fungicides
Microbes in Fermentation (Industry)
Microbes in Antibiotics
Learn Agricultural Microbiology with Rahul

Bio pesticides

a) Bio herbicides

  • It was found that certain insects & disease-causing microbes may prove useful as weedicides.
  • These organisms feed selectively or produce diseases in weeds & thus eliminate them.
  • However, the insects to be used as bio herbicide must be thoroughly tested for this host specificity before being put to commercial use.
  • Otherwise, due to lack of original host food, they may switch to crops. Much of the work regarding the use of insects for biological control has been carried out in North America.
  • In India & Australia, over growth of cacti was checked by the introduction of Cactoblastis cactorum.
  • Insects, more recently Hypericum perforatum has been successfully controlled by Chrysolina hyperici (Beetle) in California and France.
  • Similarly, Pytopthora plamivora controls the milk weeds, vines in citrus orchard.

 

b) Bio insecticides

  • Many chemicals were introduced for controlling insects. Pests came as great boon to mankind but its accumulation has become a great health hazard.
  • A good pesticide should be specific, biodegradable, non-persistent, non-toxic & cost-effective but none of the chemical pesticides used presently meet this requirement so, like bio herbicides, a search was made to identify organisms which could be used as bio insecticides. Some biological methods of insects control are as follows:-
  1. Pathogens
  2. Parasites &
  3. Predators
  • Population of a no. of insects can be checked by the use of other insects, diseases, parasites or predators, for e.g. aphids can be checked by the use of Ladybug or praying mantids.
  • A bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bio insecticides & kills moths, beetles, mosquitoes, flies, aphids, ants, termites and butterflies, Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium, ubiquitous (World Wide) in distribution and was reported by Japanese scientist named as Ishiwata in 1902.
  • Many caterpillars are controlled by viruses. Many (leaf eating) viral insecticides have been used to control corn earth worm (Heliothes zea) tobacco bud worm (Heliothes virescense), Gypsi moth (Lymantria dispar).
  • About 20-90% diseases caused by Nematodes in mung (Phaseolus aureus) bean were controlled by fungus Paecelomyces spp., Metarhyzium spp. is reported to control Fyrilla, white grab & aphids.
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