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Introduction to microbiology
0/3
Introduction
Importance of Microbiology
Branches of Microbiology
Introduction to microorganism
0/7
Introduction
Viruses
Viriods
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
0/2
Prokaryotic cell
Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
Nutritional requirement and genetics of bacteria
0/3
Introduction
Genetics of bacteria
Steps of transformation
Role of microorganism in soil fertility and crop production
0/9
Examples of microorganism for fertility management
Role of microbes in crop production
Carbon cycle 
Phosphorus Cycle
Role of microbes in phosphorus cycle
Sulfur/Sulphur cycle
Phenomenon of Sulphur cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Stages of Nitrogen Cycle
Plant microbe association
0/1
Communalisms: Epiphytic association
Biodegradation of agricultural chemicals
0/4
Pesticide with persistent period
Bio magnifications
Biodegradation of agricultural chemicals (pesticides) with aliphatic hydrocarbons
Biodegradation of Agricultural pesticides having aromatic hydrocarbons
Microbial degradation of cellulose, pectin, lipid, lignin and protein present in organic residues
0/10
Cellulose degradation
Bacteria
Actinomycetes
Hemicellulose degradation
In hemicelluloses, there is breakdown of 3 enzymes involved.
Lignin degradation
Starch degradation
Pectic substances/ pectin degradation
Protein degradation
Fat/Lipid degradation
Introduction to plant pathogenic microorganism
0/2
Introduction
Mycobacteria
Microbiology of milk and ,milk products
0/7
Introduction
Microorganisms in milk
Pasteurization
Microbiology of Milk products (Dairy product)
Fermented milk and butter
Microorganisms used in dairy industry to manufacture fermented milk
Different Types of Sour Milk
Introduction to rumen microbiology
0/7
Introduction
Advantages of ruminant model fermentation
Important species of bacteria present in rumen of cattle and sheep
Microorganisms playing important role in rumen(Ruminal Microbes)
Protein Metabolism in the Rumen
Production and Modification of Toxic substances in the Rumen
Toxic substance detoxified in the Rumen
Microorganisms in human welfare
0/9
Bio-fertilizers
Certain nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bio pesticides
Sterilization strategy
Insect hormones
Natural insecticides
Bio fungicides
Microbes in Fermentation (Industry)
Microbes in Antibiotics
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Phenomenon of Sulphur cycle

a) Decomposition of larger, organic sulphur compounds to smaller units:

Sulphate is assimilated by plants in sulphur containing amino acids & then proteins. Degradation of proteins (proteolysis) liberates amino acids e.g. Methionine & cysteine. From these amino acids H2S is liberated by microbes e.g. Pseudomonas spp. & Flavobacterium spp.

Reaction:

Proteins →Amino acids →Pyruvic acid, H2S & ammonia.

 

b) Oxidation of H2S into sulphur elements:

H2S produced from sulphate reduction & amino acid decomposition is oxidized to elemental sulphur. It occurs in the presence of photosynthetic sulphur bacteria

Carbon-dioxide +2 H2S —Eight chromatium—> (CH2O)6 + H2O + 2S

  1. Chlorobium
  2. Rhodospirillium
  3. Rhodopseudomonas

 

b. Oxidation of elemental sulphur to sulphates:

Thiobacillus thioxidants oxidizes sulphur to sulphates.

2S +2 H2O +3O2 Microbes   2 H2SO4

Sulphate is assimilated by plants.

Assimilation: To Produce any substance from any substance.

Sulphate is assimilated by plants & is used in the formation of sulphur containing amino acids (cysteine & methionine) & then into proteins.

 

c. Reduction of sulphates:

Desulphotomaculum reduces sulphate into H2S

4H + CaSO4→ H2S + Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2O

 

 

Reduction by microbes:

  1. Desulphovibrio spp.
  2. Bacillus spp.
  3. Pseudomonas spp.
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