Toxic substance

Source

Reactions

Organisms involved

i) Nitrite

Nitrate

Reduced to NH₃

Various bacteria and protozoa

ii) Oxalate

Oxalis & halogeton

Decarboxylated to Formate

Oxalobacter fermigens

iii) Ochratoxin A

Mouldy feed

Thorough hydrolysis

Unidentified

iv) Gossypol

Cotton seed meal

Bounded to soluble protein

Unidentified

v) 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionic acid

Miseratoxin in Astragalus

Introgroup is reduced to amine

Coprococcus, Megaspaer, Selanomon

vi) Phytoestrogens

Subterranean clover and red clover

Degraded to p-ethyl phenol

Unidentified

vii) Pyrrdizidine alkaloids-heliotrine

Heliotropium spp.

Reductive fission

Paptococcus heliotrin reducens

Substance

Source 

Organism involved

i) Nitrite

NO₂→NO₃ Reduction of nitrate in feed

Selemonas ruminantium

ii) 3-Methylindole

Tryptophan in feed

Lactobacillus sp.

iii) Lactic Acid

Carbohydrate in feed

iv) Cyanite

Hydrolysis of cynogenic glycosides 

Gram +ve rods and gram +ve diplococci.

v) Dimethyl disulfide

Degradation of 3-Methylcystaine sulfoxide

Megaspaera elsdinli Anaerovibrio lipolytica