Aquatic genetic resources

• Provides great potential to enable the aquaculture and fisheries sector to further enhance its contribution to food security and meet future challenges in feeding a growing human population.

Soil Flora and fauna diversity for the soil fertility management

• Includes:

a) Megafauna: Size ranges 20mm upward. Eg: Moles, rabbits and rodents.

b) Macrofauna: Size ranges from 2 to 20 mm. Eg: Wood lice, earthworm, beetles.

c) Mesofauna: Size ranges from 100 micrometer to 2 mm. Eg: Tardigrades, mites and springtails.

d) Microfauna and Microflora: Size ranges from 1 to 100 micrometer. Eg: Yeast, Bacteria, fungi, Protozoa and rotifers.

A) Algae:

• Autotrophs and eukaryotic.
• Producing substantial amount of organic matter.
• Certain algae excrete polysaccharide that have very favorable effects on soil aggregation.

B) Fungi:

• Important role in the decomposition of various organic substances.
• Forms symbiotic relationship with plants (mycorrhizae)
• Major role in humus formation and aggregate stabilization.

C) Actinomycetes:

• Decomposition of soil organic matter and the mineralization of nutrients.
• The earthy aroma is due to it.

D) Bacteria:

• Adapt in extreme environment.
• Decomposition of Organic matter.
• Mineralization of N and S.
• Nitrogen fixation.

E) Protozoa:

• Have lower N requirement than many bacteria.
• Important in enhancing mineralization in soil by releasing the N taken up by bacteria.
• Lots of human and animal disease.

F) Cyano bacteria:

•  
• Nitrogen fixation (Anabaena) in rice paddies.
• Break down OM.

G) Earthworms:

• Segmented worms
• Original tillers of soil.
• Improves infiltration.

H) Nematodes:

• Some are plant parasites that infest roots.