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Course Content
Carbohydrate
0/12
Introduction
Classification of polysaccharide
Organisms contain a variety of hexose derivative
Physical and Chemical properties of monosaccharide
Acetal formation
Aldol condensation
Reducing and Non-reducing sugar
Ring structure of ribose and its importance
Biosynthesis of Lactose
Biosynthesis of Starch
Biosynthesis of sucrose
Lac Operon model in E. coli
Lipid
0/17
Introduction
Classification of lipid
Some naturally occurring Fatty acids
Reactivity of unsaturated fatty acids
Triacyl glycerol provides store energy and insulation
Lipids with specific biological activities
Biological role of lipid
Polysaturated Fatty acids
Types of Linolenic acid
Structural lipids in membranes
Some Lipids
Lipid as signals, Cofactors and pigments
Structure and function of pyridoxial phosphate ( Vit. B6)
Lipoproteins (Lipids + Proteins)
Reaction of β-oxidation of saturated FA
Biosynthesis of fatty acids
Metabolism of lipid
Nucleic Acids
0/11
Introduction
Structures of Purine and Pyrimidine
Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid Nomenclature
Phosphodiester linkages in the covalent backbone of DNA and RNA
Characteristics of DNA
Watson and Crick DNA Model
Introduction to RNA
General Properties of Nucleic Acids
Reactions promoted by radiations
Biosynthesis of DNA or semi-conservative replication of DNA
Transcription
Biochemistry and molecular logic of life
0/1
Biochemistry
Cell and its components
0/8
Cell
Structure and cell wall composition of bacteria E. coli ( Gram negative)
Plasma membrane of bacteria
Bacterial toxigenesis
Eukaryotic cell
Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane
Structure of cell organelles
Plant cell wall
Aqueous system of cell
0/5
Buffers
Phosphate buffer system
Bicarbonate buffer system
Haemoglobin buffer system
Ionization of water
Reactions and Bioenergetics of cell
0/2
Biomolecules
Concept of standard free energy of reactions
Enzymes
0/5
Introduction
Classification of enzyme @ OTH LyLI
Mode of Action of enzyme / Mechanism of enzyme Action
pH and Temperature dependency of enzyme Activity
Michaelis Menten equation
Carbohydrate Metabolism
0/3
Introduction
Glycolysis
Metabolic fates of absorbed glucose
Common terminal Pathway of Metabolism
0/5
Kreb cycle or TCA cycle or citric acid cycle
Structure of FAD and FADH2
Structure of NAD+ and NADP+
Calvin cycle or C3 pathway
Metabolism of pyruvate
Amino acids
0/7
Essential Amino acids ( PVT TIM HALL)
Non-Essential Amino acid ( GAC TPS)
Amino acid metabolism
Transamination reaction
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Laboratory test of Amino Acids
Process of Amino acid metabolism
Proteins
0/3
Classification of protein
Structure of protein
Reaction to test protein in lab
Metabolism of protein
0/5
Biosynthesis of protein
Structure of ribosome
Nature of genetic code
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translation
Hormones
0/3
Structures of various plant hormones
Classes of hormones
Animal hormones
Secondary metabolism
0/3
Introduction
Purpose of secondary metabolites production in plants
Application of secondary metabolite
Biochemical techniques
0/8
Principle of spectrophotometer
Application of Spectrophotometer
Techniques of paper chromatography
Chromatographic paper
Detection of compounds on chromatogram
Principle of electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis of DNA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Master General Biochemistry – Notes, Case Studies & Practical Insights – with Rahul

Reducing and Non-reducing sugar

a) Reducing sugar:

  • Can be oxidized with resultant reduction of oxidizing agent.
  • Contain free aldehyde and keto functional group.
  • Eg: Glucose, Lactose

Glucose Formula- Sugar Formula Definition, Chemical Properties -

Lactose Formula | GeeksforGeeks

b) Non-reducing sugar:

  • Isn’t oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent.
  • In basic aqueous medium, they don’t generate any compounds containing an aldehyde group.

Sucrose - Wikipedia

Eg: Sucrose 

Trehalose - Wikipedia

Fig:Trehalose

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