Introduction
Definition of crop and Plant physiology
Aspects of Crop physiology
Importance of studying Plant Physiology
Scope of plant physiology
Practical application of crop physiology
Introduction to cell physiology
Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Biological phenomenon in plant cells
Principles of thermodynamics
Application of 1st law of thermodynamics
Application of 2nd law of thermodynamics:
Absorption and translocation of water and nutrients
Factors affecting diffusion
Factors affecting osmosis
Factors affecting water absorption
Theories of mineral absorption
Transpiration
Opening and closing of stomata
Theories of turgor change in the guard cells
Factors affecting transpiration
Photosynthesis
Light reaction (or hill reaction)
Difference between cyclic and non-cyclic reaction
Dark reaction or Calvin cycle or C3.
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Hatch and slack cycle or c4 – cycle
Characteristic Features of C4 plants
Biological Significance of C4-cycle
Crassulacean acid metabolism or cam cycle
Blackman’s law of limiting factors
Respiration
Electron Transport System (ETC)
Factors affecting respiration
Translocation of photosynthetic products and production of secondary metabolites
Principal pathways for translocation of materials after uptake by the roots of leaves of a plant
Mechanism of translocation
Factors that control translocation
Physiology of growth and development in crops
Environmental factors influencing growth
Importance of photoperiodism
Mechanism of photoperiodism